Ginsenoside RH4 inhibits Ang II-induced myocardial remodeling by interfering with NFIL3

Ventricular remodeling refers to the structural and functional changes of the heart under various stimuli or disease influences and may also be accompanied by myocardial fibrosis, where an excessive amount of fibrous tissue appears in the myocardial tissue, affecting the heart's normal contraction and relaxation. Hypertension is posing the potential risk of causing myocardial injury and remodeling. The significance of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in myocardial remodeling cannot be overlooked. Drug targeting of RAAS can effectively lower blood pressure and reduce left ventricular mass. Studies have shown that ginsenoside Rh4 can inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. In this study, a myocardial remodeling model was established using angiotensin (Ang) II, and the inhibitory effect of RH4 on myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling induced by Ang II was investigated using pathological staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Immunofluorescence and qPCR demonstrated that Rh4 causes myocardial hypertrophy and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro. The Rh4 target was identified using transcriptomics. The findings indicated that RH4 could inhibit myocardial hypertrophy, inflammatory fibrosis, and oxidative stress induced by Ang II, suggesting potential cardiovascular protection effects. In vitro experiments have shown that Rh4 inhibits myocardial hypertrophy. Transcriptomics revealed that nuclear factor interleukin-3 (NFIL3) is a downstream regulator of Rh4. By constructing AAV9-NFIL3 and injecting it into mice, it was found that NFIL3 overexpression interfered with anti-Ang II-induced myocardial remodeling of Rh4. These results indicate that Rh4 demonstrates potential therapeutic effects on myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis.