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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
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Oogenesis02:07

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Infertility in Males01:23

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Do probiotic interventions improve female unexplained infertility? A critical commentary.

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Disruptions in the gut and vaginal microbiome are linked to female infertility. Probiotics show potential for restoring balance and improving conception, but study inconsistencies hinder clear conclusions on efficacy.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Microbiome Research
  • Gynaecology

Background:

  • Gut and cervicovaginal microbiota disruptions are linked to gynecological issues like infertility.
  • Female infertility, affecting 12.6% globally, has complex causes, with emerging focus on the microbiome's role.
  • The gut and vaginal microbiomes are increasingly recognized for their impact on reproductive health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between women's gut and cervicovaginal microbiota and infertility.
  • To highlight research on probiotic use for improving pregnancy and assisted reproductive technology outcomes.
  • To critically examine divergent findings in current studies on probiotic interventions for infertility.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and commentary on existing research.
  • Exploration of the intricate relationship between gut and cervicovaginal microbiota.
  • Critical analysis of studies involving probiotic administration (oral/vaginal) for infertility.

Main Results:

  • Probiotic administration, sometimes with antibiotics, may restore symbiotic microbiota for conception.
  • Various probiotic species, dosages, and administration routes have been used inconsistently in studies.
  • Divergent findings complicate a conclusive assessment of probiotic efficacy in improving pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between gut, cervicovaginal microbiota, and female infertility requires further investigation.
  • Harmonization of clinical studies is needed to definitively assess probiotic efficacy for infertility.
  • Targeted probiotic interventions hold promise but require more consistent research for validation.