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Related Concept Videos

Trachea01:22

Trachea

2.0K
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
Anatomical Features:
Location: About half of the trachea is situated in the neck, anterior to the esophagus, and extends from the larynx (at the level of...
2.0K
Tracheostomy Decannulation01:21

Tracheostomy Decannulation

164
Tracheostomy decannulation is a significant milestone in the liberation of mechanically ventilated patients. Despite its importance, there is no universally accepted protocol for this procedure. This demands an evidence-based, individualized approach.
Description of the Procedure
Decannulation refers to the permanent removal of the tracheostomy tube, signaling the resolution of the condition that initially necessitated the tracheostomy. The process requires a well-coordinated interplay between...
164
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

101
Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
101
Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes01:28

Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes

579
A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening into the trachea, typically at the second or third cartilaginous ring level. This opening allows the insertion of a tracheostomy tube, which can replace an endotracheal tube, provide mechanical ventilation, bypass an upper airway obstruction, or remove accumulated tracheobronchial secretions.
Tracheostomy tubes can be made of semiflexible plastic (polyurethane or silicone), rigid plastic, or metal, and they come in...
579
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

72
Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
72
Tracheostomy Suctioning II: Procedure01:23

Tracheostomy Suctioning II: Procedure

249
Tracheostomy suctioning is a vital nursing procedure that involves removing secretions from the tracheostomy tube to maintain airway patency and prevent respiratory complications. Nurses need to understand the proper technique for tracheostomy suctioning to ensure patient safety and comfort. In this guide, we will outline the step-by-step process for performing tracheostomy suctioning, including preparing the sterile field, donning personal protective equipment (PPE), lubricating and connecting...
249

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Design of a Biocompatible Drug-Eluting Tracheal Stent in Mice with Laryngotracheal Stenosis
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Design of a Biocompatible Drug-Eluting Tracheal Stent in Mice with Laryngotracheal Stenosis

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[Idiopathic Subglottic Tracheal Stenosis].

Erich Stoelben1

  • 1Thoraxklinik, St. Hildegardiskrankenhaus, Köln, Deutschland.

Zentralblatt Fur Chirurgie
|February 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Idiopathic subglottic stenosis, a rare airway narrowing affecting women, presents insidiously. Diagnosis is often delayed, necessitating diverse local treatments for this condition affecting the larynx and trachea.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a rare condition characterized by circular scarred narrowing of the airway.
  • It specifically affects the subglottic region, at the transition from the cricoid cartilage to the trachea, without involving the cartilage itself.
  • The disease predominantly impacts women aged 20-60 and can mimic symptoms of autoimmune diseases like granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and treatment modalities for idiopathic subglottic stenosis.
  • To highlight the insidious onset and potential for delayed diagnosis due to non-specific initial symptoms.
  • To underscore the multidisciplinary approach required for managing this condition.

Main Methods:

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  • Radiological and endoscopic evaluation for diagnosis.
  • Assessment of clinical presentation including insidious onset symptoms like cough and dyspnea.
  • Review of various treatment strategies, from local measures to surgical resection.

Main Results:

  • iSGS typically presents insidiously with cough and sputum, progressing to dyspnea and reduced cough effectiveness.
  • Delayed diagnosis is common as symptoms are often misinterpreted in otherwise healthy individuals.
  • Treatment involves local interventions such as dilatation, laser resection, and potentially anti-proliferative medication, up to laryngotracheal resection.

Conclusions:

  • Idiopathic subglottic stenosis requires a high index of suspicion due to its insidious nature and potential for delayed diagnosis.
  • Management necessitates a collaborative effort between ENT, pulmonology, and thoracic surgery specialists.
  • Effective treatment strategies focus on local interventions to address the airway narrowing.