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Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and 'exit' via the...

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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation

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Published on: February 15, 2018

In-Ovo Glutamine Administration Enhances Intestinal Development and Functions in Broiler Chickens: Insights from

Liang-En Yu¹, Peter Mann¹, Lydia Schlitzkus²

¹Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.

The Journal of Nutrition

|February 15, 2024

Summary

Early nutrition via in-ovo glutamine (Gln) injection improves broiler chicken intestinal development and function. This method enhances cell proliferation and differentiation, leading to better nutrient absorption and gut health.

Keywords:

broilers enteroids glutamine gut health in-ovo injection intestinal barrier intestinal nutrient transporter

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Published on: September 20, 2021

Area of Science:

Animal Science
Developmental Biology
Gastroenterology

Background:

Early life nutrition significantly impacts long-term animal health and tissue development.
In-ovo nutrition delivery offers a promising strategy to enhance intestinal health in broiler chickens.
The precise mechanisms by which early nutrition influences intestinal development require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the short- and long-term effects of in-ovo glutamine (Gln) administration on broiler intestinal epithelial development and function.
To utilize enteroid culture and electrophysiologic analysis to elucidate the impact of Gln on intestinal physiology.
To assess the influence of Gln on cell proliferation, differentiation, barrier function, and nutrient transport.

Main Methods:

Commercial broiler eggs received in-ovo injection of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or glutamine (Gln) at embryonic day 18.
Intestinal enteroids were cultured from hatchlings, and assessed for proliferation, permeability, and glucose absorption.
Tissue electrophysiology (Ussing chamber) and gene expression analysis were performed at hatch, 3 days, and 14 days posthatch.

Main Results:

In-ovo Gln administration enhanced intestinal villus morphology, epithelial cell proliferation, and differentiation.
Gln altered epithelial cell populations, increasing enteroendocrine and goblet cells while decreasing Paneth cells.
Enteroids showed improved nutrient transporter gene expression, glucose absorption, and barrier function; long-term increases in di-peptide and alanine transport were observed.

Conclusions:

In-ovo glutamine injection stimulates intestinal epithelial proliferation and promotes differentiation towards absorptive cell lineages.
This early nutritional intervention programs the developing gut for improved function and nutrient absorption.
Enteroid culture provides a valuable model for studying the effects of early nutrition on intestinal development.