Transthoracic fine needle aspiration of primary and metastatic sarcomas

Sarcomas, excluding lymphomas, are relatively uncommon targets of transthoracic fine needle aspiration. This paper presents a series of 11 adult patients with a variety of histologically documented sarcomas that were positive on transthoracic fine needle aspiration. Most tumors were metastatic from extrathoracic primary sites. We summarize the cytologic appearances of the aspirates and the clinical roles of fine needle aspiration in this setting. The aspirates resembled the corresponding histologic sections in cellular morphology. Nine different histologic types of sarcomas therefore produced a wide variety of cytologic appearances. Two findings, though not specific for sarcomas, were common and are suggested as clues to the recognition of sarcomas: (1) poor cohesion of cells and (2) numerous spindle cells. Transthoracic fine needle aspiration confirmed a strongly suspected clinical diagnosis in 7 cases, and it clarified a more obscure clinical diagnosis in 4 cases. Suggestions are presented for differential diagnosis.