A deep learning adversarial autoencoder with dynamic batching displays high performance in denoising and ordering scRNA-seq data

By providing high-resolution of cell-to-cell variation in gene expression, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers insights into cell heterogeneity, differentiating dynamics, and disease mechanisms. However, challenges such as low capture rates and dropout events can introduce noise in data analysis. Here, we propose a deep neural generative framework, the dynamic batching adversarial autoencoder (DB-AAE), which excels at denoising scRNA-seq datasets. DB-AAE directly captures optimal features from input data and enhances feature preservation, including cell type-specific gene expression patterns. Comprehensive evaluation on simulated and real datasets demonstrates that DB-AAE outperforms other methods in denoising accuracy and biological signal preservation. It also improves the accuracy of other algorithms in establishing pseudo-time inference. This study highlights DB-AAE's effectiveness and potential as a valuable tool for enhancing the quality and reliability of downstream analyses in scRNA-seq research.