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COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection: A case-control study from a tertiary care center in South India

Druti Hazra1, Nayana Siddalingaiah1, Nitin Gupta2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
|February 16, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Coinfection with tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents unique clinical features. Higher rates of upper lobe involvement and elevated biomarkers like C-reactive protein suggest TB in COVID-19 patients.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and tuberculosis (TB) are significant global health threats.
  • Coinfection with COVID-19 and TB can complicate diagnosis and impact patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the clinical features and outcomes of patients coinfected with COVID-19 and TB against those with COVID-19 alone.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective case-control study was conducted from August 2020 to February 2022.
  • 27 coinfected COVID-19-TB patients were matched with 27 COVID-19-only patients.
  • Data analysis involved Chi-square tests and t-tests/Mann-Whitney U tests.

Main Results:

  • Tuberculosis-COVID-19 coinfection showed significantly higher upper lobe involvement (44% vs. 7%) and pleural effusion (22% vs. 4%).
  • Median levels of C-reactive protein and ferritin were significantly elevated in the coinfected group.
  • A P-value < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.

Conclusions:

  • Chest radiology findings and elevated biomarkers (C-reactive protein, ferritin) can aid in suspecting TB in COVID-19 patients, and vice versa.
  • Early identification of coinfection is crucial for appropriate management and improved patient outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Case-controlTBclinical featurescoinfection

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