Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multi-Step Reactions02:31

Multi-Step Reactions

7.3K
Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs. Each of the steps in a reaction mechanism is called an elementary reaction. These...
7.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The elusive <i>endo</i>-product of the archetypal Diels-Alder reaction of furan and maleic anhydride - observed in the solid state at last.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Accelerating Prediction of Complex Molecular Crystals by Sensible Selection of Asymmetric Units.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same author

Fast Molecular Crystal Structure Prediction Using Sampling by Analogy to Previously Predicted Landscapes.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same author

Continuous invariant-based asymmetries of periodic crystals quantify deviations from higher symmetry.

IUCrJ·2026
Same author

RobInHood: a robotic chemist in a fume hood.

Digital discovery·2026
Same author

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Severity Scale (ACLISS) as a Predictor of Short-Term Reoperation and Functional Outcomes After ACL Reconstruction.

The American journal of sports medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices
11:22

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices

Published on: December 1, 2017

12.4K

Modular, multi-robot integration of laboratories: an autonomous workflow for solid-state chemistry.

Amy M Lunt1,2, Hatem Fakhruldeen1, Gabriella Pizzuto1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool L7 3NY UK aicooper@liverpool.ac.uk schong@liverpool.ac.uk.

Chemical Science
|February 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

We developed a fully automated workflow for powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) experiments. This robotic system integrates crystal growth, sample prep, and data capture, matching manual quality for materials research.

More Related Videos

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

11.6K
A Modular Microfluidic Technology for Systematic Studies of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals
09:58

A Modular Microfluidic Technology for Systematic Studies of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Published on: May 10, 2018

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices
11:22

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices

Published on: December 1, 2017

12.4K
The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

11.6K
A Modular Microfluidic Technology for Systematic Studies of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals
09:58

A Modular Microfluidic Technology for Systematic Studies of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Published on: May 10, 2018

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Laboratory Automation

Background:

  • Automation significantly boosts productivity in liquid handling research like organic synthesis.
  • Materials science labs face automation challenges due to complex solid sample preparation and characterization needs.
  • Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is crucial in materials and pharmaceutical chemistry but difficult to automate fully.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a fully autonomous solid-state workflow for powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) experiments.
  • To demonstrate that automated PXRD can achieve data quality comparable to or exceeding manual methods.
  • To showcase the integration of flexible, modular automation for complex laboratory tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a 12-step autonomous workflow for PXRD.
  • Utilization of a team of three multipurpose robots for sample handling and analysis.
  • Integration of crystal growth, solid powder sample preparation, and automated data acquisition.

Main Results:

  • The autonomous workflow successfully performs all 12 steps required for PXRD experiments.
  • Achieved data quality in automated PXRD experiments matches or surpasses manual methods.
  • Demonstrated the capability of flexible, modular automation to integrate diverse laboratory functions.

Conclusions:

  • Fully autonomous solid-state workflows are feasible for PXRD, enhancing materials research productivity.
  • Robotic integration of multiple steps, including sample prep and characterization, is achievable.
  • Flexible, modular automation offers a powerful solution for complex, multitask materials laboratories.