Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome and Female Sex: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Vascular Neurology
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by temporary narrowing of brain arteries, causing headaches.
• RCVS disproportionately affects women, with postpartum angiopathy being a known manifestation.
• The female sex is a factor in RCVS diagnostic criteria, but its precise role is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on the role of female sex and pregnancy in RCVS.
• To identify gaps in understanding RCVS pathophysiology and management in women.
• To emphasize the importance of recognizing stroke causes in women.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on RCVS, female sex, and pregnancy.
• Analysis of existing diagnostic criteria and management guidelines.
• Synthesis of current evidence on sex-based differences in RCVS.

Main Results:

• RCVS is more prevalent in women, with pregnancy-related factors implicated.
• The exact pathophysiological mechanisms linking female sex to RCVS require further investigation.
• Evidence regarding sex-specific differences in RCVS management is limited and mixed.

Conclusions:

• Further research is needed to clarify the role of female sex and pregnancy in RCVS.
• Understanding these factors is crucial for accurate diagnosis and tailored management in women.
• Highlighting RCVS in women contributes to better stroke etiology recognition.