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Exploring the Interrelationships Between Physical Function, Functional Exercise Capacity, and Exercise Self-Efficacy
Kathleen M Nokes1, Dudu G Sokhela2, Penelope M Orton3
1International Nursing Network for HIV Research, Durban University of Technology, South Africa.
Purpose:
To determine if there were differences between the subjective and objective assessments of physical activity while controlling for sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics.
Setting/Sample:
A total of 810 participants across eight sites located in three countries.
Measures:
Subjective instruments were the two subscales of Self-efficacy for Exercise Behaviors Scale: Making Time for Exercise and Resisting Relapse and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, which measured physical function. The objective measure of functional exercise capacity was the 6-minute Walk Test.
Analysis:
Both univariate and multivariant analyses were used.
Results:
Physical function was significantly associated with Making Time for Exercise (β = 1.76, p = .039) but not with Resisting Relapse (β = 1.16, p = .168). Age (β = -1.88, p = .001), being employed (β = 16.19, p < .001) and race (βs = 13.84-31.98, p < .001), hip-waist ratio (β = -2.18, p < .001), and comorbidities (β = 7.31, p < .001) were significant predictors of physical functioning. The model predicting physical function accounted for a large amount of variance (adjusted R2 = .938). The patterns of results predicting functional exercise capacity were similar. Making Time for Exercise self-efficacy scores significantly predicted functional exercise capacity (β = 0.14, p = .029), and Resisting Relapse scores again did not (β = -0.10, p = .120). Among the covariates, age (β = -0.16, p < .001), gender (β = -0.43, p < .001), education (β = 0.08, p = .026), and hip-waist ratio (β = 0.09, p = .034) were significant. This model did not account for much of the overall variance in the data (adjusted R2 = .081). We found a modest significant relationship between physical function and functional exercise capacity (r = 0.27).
Conclusions:
Making Time for Exercise Self-efficacy was more significant than Resisting Relapse for both physical function and functional exercise capacity. Interventions to promote achievement of physical activity need to use multiple measurement strategies.
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