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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
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[Beau's lines: nail disorder reflecting chemotherapy cycles].

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Prurigo Pigmentosa - an increasingly diagnosed dermatological condition associated with ketogenic diet.

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Novel HLA class I and II insights into the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease.

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The Nuclear Receptor Testicular Receptor 4 Orchestrates Cytoskeletal Organization in a G Protein Subunit Alpha 12/Rho-Associated Protein Kinase-Dependent Manner to Promote Myofibroblast Differentiation and Tissue Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis.

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Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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[Localized scleroderma].

Suzan Al-Gburi1, Alexander Kreuter2,3, Pia Moinzadeh4

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Uniklinik Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland. suzan.al-gburi@uk-koeln.de.

Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany)
|February 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Localized scleroderma (LS) is a skin condition with four subtypes, characterized by fibrosis. Early diagnosis and tailored treatments, including topical or systemic therapies, are crucial for managing this heterogeneous disease.

Keywords:
Chronic progressive fibrosisCircumscribed sclerodermaMorpheaSystemic therapyTopical administration

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Rheumatology
  • Pathology

Context:

  • Localized scleroderma (LS), also known as circumscribed scleroderma or morphea, is a group of diseases characterized by chronic, progressive fibrosis affecting the skin and adjacent structures.
  • LS encompasses four subtypes: limited, linear, generalized, and mixed, with varying degrees of skin and subcutaneous tissue involvement.
  • Internal organ involvement or progression to systemic sclerosis is excluded by definition in localized scleroderma.

Purpose:

  • To outline the classification, diagnosis, and management of localized scleroderma (LS).
  • To differentiate between superficial and deep forms of LS and recommend appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • To emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary consultations and advanced imaging for specific LS subtypes.

Summary:

  • Clinical diagnosis requires detailed examination, photo documentation, and clinical scores for consistent assessment.
  • Superficial LS subtypes are initially treated with topical glucocorticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, or phototherapy.
  • Severe or refractory LS cases necessitate expanded diagnostic workups and early initiation of systemic therapy, with methotrexate and glucocorticosteroids as first-line options.

Impact:

  • Improved diagnostic consistency through standardized documentation and scoring.
  • Optimized treatment selection based on LS subtype and depth of involvement.
  • Enhanced patient outcomes via timely and appropriate multidisciplinary care for complex cases.