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[New and future treatment approaches for allergic conjunctivitis]
Stefan Kassumeh1, Barbara S Brunner2, Siegfried G Priglinger2
1Augenklinik und Poliklinik, LMU Klinikum, LMU München, Mathildenstr. 8, 80336, München, Deutschland. stefan.kassumeh@med.uni-muenchen.de.
Die Ophthalmologie
|February 16, 2024
Summary
Novel immunomodulators and biologicals offer new hope for severe ocular allergies when conventional treatments fail. Understanding the immune pathways of these conditions is key to developing more targeted and effective therapies.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Immunology
- Allergology
Context:
- Severe and recurrent ocular allergies often resist conventional ophthalmic drugs, particularly in chronic cases.
- Emerging immunomodulators and biological therapies are entering clinical use, offering potential relief for refractory conditions.
Purpose:
- To explore innovative treatment targets for ocular allergies based on their immunopathophysiological mechanisms.
- To review promising new and future immunomodulators and biologicals, detailing their mechanisms of action.
Summary:
- Chronic ocular allergies involve complex immune responses including immunoglobulin E (IgE), mast cells, T-helper cells, and eosinophils.
- Cyclosporine A 0.1% eyedrops are approved for severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in children.
- Off-label systemic use of biologics like dupilumab and omalizumab shows promise for severe VKC and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC).
Impact:
- A deeper understanding of ocular allergy immunopathophysiology is crucial for identifying new therapeutic targets.
- Current immunomodulatory therapy is primarily limited to cyclosporine A eyedrops.
- Further clinical studies are needed for off-label agents like tacrolimus and biologics in VKC and AKC treatment.
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