Fractal States of the Schwinger Model
View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.This study reveals fractal properties in the lattice Schwinger model, enabling a recurrent method to predict ground-state energies and wave functions for lattice gauge theories.
Area Of Science
- Condensed matter physics
- High-energy physics
- Quantum field theory
Background
- The lattice Schwinger model serves as a crucial testbed for lattice gauge theories.
- Understanding the complexity of many-body wave functions is a significant challenge.
Purpose Of The Study
- To investigate the fractal properties of the lattice Schwinger model.
- To develop a method for predicting ground-state energies and wave functions.
Main Methods
- Analysis of fractal properties of the lattice Schwinger model.
- Development of a recurrent procedure using a fractal Ansatz.
- Application of automated fractal image processing software.
Main Results
- Self-similarity of the ground state was identified.
- A recurrent procedure was developed to calculate ground-state wave functions and predict energies.
- Accurate energy predictions were achieved with few terms for hundreds of sites in specific parameter regimes.
Conclusions
- Fractal properties offer a new perspective on the complexity of many-body wave functions.
- This work establishes novel connections between condensed matter and high-energy lattice models.
Related Concept Videos
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.
The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...
The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
where R is the gas constant (8.314 J/K·mol), T is the absolute temperature in kelvin, and Q is the reaction quotient. This equation may be used to predict the spontaneity of a process under any given set of conditions.
Reaction Quotient...
In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as...
The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...

