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Deciphering Fc-effector functions against SARS-CoV-2.

Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières¹, Andrés Finzi¹

¹Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada.

Trends in Microbiology

|February 16, 2024

Summary

This review highlights the importance of antibody Fc-effector functions, like antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis (ADCP), in combating SARS-CoV-2. It details assays for measuring these functions, crucial for understanding viral immunity beyond neutralization.

Keywords:

ADCC ADCP Fc-effector functions SARS-CoV-2 antibody

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 are critical for viral clearance.
Neutralizing antibodies have been extensively studied, but other antibody functions are less understood.
Fc-effector functions, including ADCC and ADCP, play vital roles in antiviral immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and summarize current knowledge on anti-SARS-CoV-2 Fc-effector functions.
To discuss the various assays available for measuring these Fc-effector functions.
To highlight the understudied nature of Fc-effector functions compared to neutralization.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies investigating anti-SARS-CoV-2 Fc-effector functions.
Analysis of different assay methodologies for measuring Fc-effector functions.
Synthesis of data on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) against SARS-CoV-2.

Main Results:

Multiple assays for measuring Fc-effector functions have been developed.
Data on anti-SARS-CoV-2 Fc-effector functions, while growing, is less comprehensive than for neutralization.
Fc-effector functions are increasingly recognized for their contribution to antiviral immunity.

Conclusions:

Fc-effector functions are essential components of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2.
Standardized and reliable assays are crucial for advancing the study of these functions.
Further research into anti-SARS-CoV-2 Fc-effector functions is needed to fully understand protective immunity.