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Trade-offs between precision and fluctuations in charging finite-dimensional quantum batteries
Pharnam Bakhshinezhad1,2,3, Beniamin R Jablonski3, Felix C Binder4
1Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria.
None:
Within quantum thermodynamics, many tasks are modeled by processes that require work sources represented by out-of-equilibrium quantum systems, often dubbed quantum batteries, in which work can be deposited or from which work can be extracted. Here we consider quantum batteries modeled as finite-dimensional quantum systems initially in thermal equilibrium that are charged via cyclic Hamiltonian processes. We present optimal or near-optimal protocols for N identical two-level systems and individual d-level systems with equally spaced energy gaps in terms of the charging precision and work fluctuations during the charging process. We analyze the trade-off between these figures of merit as well as the performance of local and global operations.
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