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Cortical activation and brain network efficiency during dual tasks: An fNIRS study.

Qian Ding1, Zitong Ou2, Shantong Yao1

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Neuroimage
|February 17, 2024
PubMed
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Dual task (DT) performance relies on executive functions. Reduced brain network efficiency, not just prefrontal over-activation, may explain poor DT performance, suggesting compensatory mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Dual task (DT) paradigms assess executive functions, crucial for daily activities.
  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is used to measure brain activity during DT walking.
  • Previous research primarily focused on prefrontal cortex activity, neglecting other brain regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate brain activity and network efficiency across multiple regions during single and dual tasks.
  • Examine how task complexity influences cortical activation and network efficiency.
  • Determine the relationship between brain function and DT performance.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-two healthy adults performed cognitive tasks, walking alone, and DT walking with cognitive tasks (serial subtraction).
Keywords:
Cortical activationDual taskFunctional connectivityFunctional near infrared spectroscopyNetwork efficiency

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  • Portable fNIRS recorded brain activity simultaneously with behavioral data.
  • Calculated cognitive cost, walking cost, cost sum, cortical activation, and network efficiency.

    • Main Results:

    • Cognitive cost was higher, and walking cost was lower for DT with simpler subtractions (3's vs. 7's).
    • Cortical activation and network efficiency showed differential modulation across single and dual tasks.
    • Prefrontal activation positively correlated with DT costs; network efficiency negatively correlated with DT costs.

    Conclusions:

    • Individuals with poor DT performance exhibited prefrontal over-activation and reduced network efficiency.
    • Reduced network efficiency may be a key mechanism underlying poor DT performance.
    • Compensatory prefrontal over-activation accompanies reduced network efficiency in impaired DT performance.