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[Malarial problems and the trans-Saharan highway].

G Chauvet, N T Hassani, M A Izri

Bulletin De La Societe De Pathologie Exotique Et De Ses Filiales

|January 1, 1985

Summary

Malaria eradication is progressing in Maghreb, but the new trans-Saharan highway risks spreading tropical malaria and its efficient vector, Anopheles gambiae, to new areas. Enhanced prevention and control efforts are crucial for Saharan oases and Maghreb.

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Area of Science:

Medical Entomology
Tropical Medicine
Parasitology

Context:

Malaria eradication is nearing completion in Maghreb, with Plasmodium vivax as the primary concern.
The Sahelian region faces persistent challenges with Plasmodium falciparum and its efficient vector, Anopheles gambiae (s.l.).
The Sahara desert historically separated these distinct malaria epidemiological zones.

Purpose:

To assess the potential malaria transmission risks following the construction of a trans-Saharan highway.
To evaluate the vectorial capacity of local mosquito species in Maghreb and Saharan oases against tropical Plasmodium falciparum strains.
To highlight the potential threat of Anopheles gambiae colonization in new regions.

Summary:

The trans-Saharan highway facilitates the circulation of tropical malaria and vectors across North Africa, including Maghreb and Saharan oases.
Local vectors like Anopheles labranchiae (Maghreb) and Anopheles multicolor/sergenti (Sahara) appear inefficient against tropical P. falciparum.
There is a significant risk of Anopheles gambiae establishing in Saharan oases and potentially Maghreb, posing a serious malaria threat.

Impact:

Urgent and intensified vector and malaria prevention and control measures are necessary in Saharan oases and Maghreb.
Further research is needed to confirm vector competence of local anopheline populations and infectivity of Plasmodium strains.
The study underscores the dynamic epidemiological shifts in malaria transmission due to infrastructure development.

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