Nail dystrophy for the surgeon

Injuries to the fingertips are the most frequently occurring damage to the hand. The nail is an exceptional structure within the human body that offers both stability and protection, as well as the ability to perform fine and precise movements. Nail dystrophies are numerous, post-traumatic, post-infection or even degenerative. They raise many difficulties for the treating hand surgeon. Which anatomical structure is dystrophic? Is there any secondary fungal superinfection to be treated before surgery? Among the various techniques proposed, which one will help to improve my patient as a complete cure is rarer than partial failures. In this chapter we have chosen to describe the surgical techniques, their difficulties and drawbacks, that are available for the most frequent dystrophies that the hand surgeons may treat.