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Determination of Crystal Structures

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In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

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Updated: May 12, 2026

Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization

Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization

Published on: December 11, 2014

A Disposable Thermally Triggered Photonic Crystal Anti-Counterfeiting Tag with Irreversible Response and Multi-Step

Jieqiu Wang^1,2, Tian Yin^1,2, Jianping Ge^1,2,3

¹Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|February 17, 2024

Summary

A new thermochromic photonic crystal (PC) tag offers enhanced anti-counterfeiting. This disposable tag displays irreversible, multi-step color changes upon heating for improved security and usability.

Keywords:

anti‐counterfeiting tag irreversible response multi‐step color changes thermally triggered thermochromic photonic crystal

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Optics

Background:

Thermochromic photonic crystals (PCs) show potential for anti-counterfeiting but face limitations in performance and practicality.
Existing thermochromic materials require further development for robust anti-counterfeiting solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a disposable, thermally triggered PC anti-counterfeiting tag with irreversible and multi-step color changes.
To enhance the anti-counterfeiting performance and practical usability of thermochromic PC materials.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a double-layer film using silica (SiO2) and a thermochromic polymer (Polyethylene glycol-Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, PEG-ETPTA).
Utilizing the rapid melting and infiltration of PEG-ETPTA into PCs upon heating for an irreversible thermal response.
Implementing regioselective UV curing of the PEG-ETPTA layer to control multi-step color transitions at different temperatures.

Main Results:

The developed tag exhibits a fast and irreversible thermal response due to PEG-ETPTA's phase transition.
Multi-step color changes were achieved by precisely controlling the UV curing degree of the polymer layer.
The photonic crystal pattern becomes visible in stages upon heating and reverts to invisibility upon overheating, offering dynamic visual effects.

Conclusions:

The novel SiO2/(PEG-ETPTA) double-layer film provides a disposable and thermally triggered anti-counterfeiting solution.
The material demonstrates enhanced anti-counterfeiting capabilities through irreversible, multi-step color changes and diversified visual effects.
This technology improves the practicality and security features of thermochromic photonic crystals for anti-counterfeiting applications.