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Diatom-mediated food web functioning under ocean artificial upwelling.

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Artificial upwelling aims to boost ocean food webs, but diatoms hinder nutrient transfer to fish. Food quality, not just quantity, is key for productive marine ecosystems.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine ecology
  • Oceanography
  • Climate change science

Background:

  • Artificial upwelling is explored as a nature-based solution for food security and climate mitigation.
  • Diatom-based plankton food webs are traditionally considered efficient for enhancing fish production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of artificial upwelling in enhancing ocean productivity.
  • To investigate the impact of diatom blooms on marine food web dynamics and trophic transfer efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Mesocosm experiments were conducted to simulate artificial upwelling in oligotrophic ocean environments.
  • The study analyzed the transfer of primary production to higher trophic levels, focusing on grazers and fish.

Main Results:

  • Contrary to classical models, diatoms did not shorten trophic length and impaired energy transfer to crustacean grazers and fish.
  • Diatoms altered food nutritional quality, offering essential fatty acids but unfavorable high carbon-to-nitrogen ratios, reducing grazer adaptability.
  • Optimizing for CO2 uptake via high carbon-to-nitrogen ratios exacerbated nutritional imbalances for grazers.

Conclusions:

  • Artificial upwelling may face challenges in simultaneously enhancing fisheries and carbon sequestration due to opposing stoichiometric needs.
  • Food quality, particularly elemental composition and protein content, is more critical than quantity for maximizing food web productivity in short-term ocean fertilization.
  • Findings challenge the assumption of diatom-based food webs as universally efficient for artificial upwelling applications.