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Emergency Room Utilization and Methamphetamine Overdose Symptoms Among Syringe Services Program Participants in

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Methamphetamine overdose poses severe psychological and physical health risks, including psychosis, heart attack, and death.
  • People who use methamphetamine (PWUM) experiencing methamphetamine overdose symptoms (MOS) are advised to seek emergency care, yet factors influencing this decision are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize factors associated with emergency department/room (ER) utilization among PWUM who experienced MOS.
  • To assess the association between ER utilization for MOS and non-fatal opioid overdose, polysubstance use, and sepsis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the 2021 Washington State Syringe Services Program (SSP) Health Survey (N=955).
  • Employed Poisson regression to analyze the association between ER utilization for methamphetamine use and various covariates among PWUM who experienced MOS.

Main Results:

  • Methamphetamine use was high (86% in the last 3 months).
  • 37% of PWUM reported experiencing at least one MOS in the prior three months.
  • Non-fatal opioid overdose (APR=2.04), combined heroin/methamphetamine use (APR=1.98), and sepsis (APR=2.07) were significantly associated with ER utilization for MOS.

Conclusions:

  • Methamphetamine use and MOS are prevalent among SSP users in Washington State.
  • Recent non-fatal opioid overdose is a significant predictor of ER utilization for MOS.
  • Screening for opioid use disorder and providing harm reduction supplies (naloxone, MOUD) are crucial for patients presenting with MOS.