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Related Concept Videos

Hydrolysis01:15

Hydrolysis

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Overview
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides break into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars, and DNA into nucleotides. Enzymes often facilitate these processes.
Hydrolysis Reverses Dehydration Synthesis
Complex carbohydrates can be broken down by breaking the bonds between individual sugar units. The reaction breaks a glycosidic bond as water is added to the compound. The...
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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Entropy and Solvation

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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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Solubility03:00

Solubility

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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
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In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
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Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification
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Interactions between Water and a Hydrophobic Polymer.

Hikaru Higuchi1, Tomoko Ikeda-Fukazawa1

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|February 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

cis-1,4-polyisoprene (PI) undergoes a coil-globule transition in water around 248 K, driven by water

Area of Science:

  • Polymer science
  • Physical chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Hydrophobic polymers interact with water through complex mechanisms.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for predicting polymer properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interactions between cis-1,4-polyisoprene (PI) and water.
  • To elucidate the coil-globule transition mechanism of PI in aqueous systems.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics calculations were employed.
  • Raman spectroscopic measurements were performed on PI-water systems.

Main Results:

  • PI exhibits a coil-globule transition around 248 K in water.
  • This transition is linked to changes in water density and diffusivity.

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2025

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  • PI's coil structure forms due to supercooled water expansion; globule structure results from phase separation as water self-diffusion increases.
  • PI decreases water's hydrogen-bonding strength, increasing free water's self-diffusion coefficient.

    • Conclusions:

    • Water's properties significantly influence hydrophobic polymer behavior.
    • The observed transition highlights the critical role of water-polymer interactions in determining PI's physical and chemical characteristics.