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Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities
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Mindfulness meditation styles differently modulate source-level MEG microstate dynamics and complexity.

Antea D'Andrea1, Pierpaolo Croce1, Jordan O'Byrne2

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Abruzzo, Italy.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|February 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mindfulness meditation, including focused attention meditation (FAM) and open monitoring meditation (OMM), alters brain microstate dynamics. These meditation styles shift brain criticality, influencing cognitive states and performance.

Keywords:
brain criticalitycomplexityfocused attention meditationmagnetoencephalographymicrostate analysismindfulness meditationopen monitoring meditation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Mindfulness meditation, encompassing focused attention meditation (FAM) and open monitoring meditation (OMM), has a rich history of study.
  • Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) offer high temporal resolution to investigate neural correlates of meditation.
  • Brain activity is dynamic, transitioning between distinct brain states (microstates), which are increasingly studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore magnetoencephalography (MEG) source-level microstates during FAM, OMM, and resting states.
  • To analyze the complexity and criticality of dynamic transitions between these microstates.

Main Methods:

  • Ten experienced Buddhist monks participated, undergoing MEG recordings during FAM, OMM, and resting states.
  • Source reconstruction using eLORETA and cortical parcellation were performed.
  • Microstate analysis, Hurst exponent, and Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) were computed from microstate sequences.

Main Results:

  • Specific microstates were modulated by meditative states and styles.
  • Hurst exponent values decreased during meditation compared to rest.
  • LZC significantly differed across resting state, FAM, and OMM, showing a progressive increase.

Conclusions:

  • Meditation, including FAM and OMM, alters brain microstate dynamics and criticality.
  • Changes in brain criticality indices during meditation suggest a state-like effect on cognitive performance.
  • The cognitive shifts experienced during meditation are paralleled by dynamic brain state transitions near critical points.