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Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative...
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Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
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Dyslexia: An invisible disability or different ability.

Akhila B Sunil1, Amitav Banerjee1, Madamanchi Divya1

  • 1Department of Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Industrial Psychiatry Journal
|February 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study found 10.9% of primary schoolchildren have dyslexia. Early detection and intervention are crucial for supporting students with dyslexia in inclusive classrooms.

Keywords:
Dyslexialearning disordersschoolchildren

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Global dyslexia prevalence is at least 10%, with many students undiagnosed.
  • Timely intervention enables 90% of dyslexic children to thrive in inclusive classrooms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the prevalence of dyslexia among primary schoolchildren.
  • To compare dyslexia rates in government and private schools.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 128 primary schoolchildren in Western Maharashtra.
  • Utilized the standardized "Search" tool for dyslexia screening.
  • Data analyzed using Microsoft Excel and MedCalc 3.1.

Main Results:

  • Dyslexia prevalence was 10.9%, with 9.3% identified as vulnerable.
  • 10 out of 14 dyslexic children attended government schools.
  • A higher proportion of dyslexic students were identified in government schools compared to private schools.

Conclusions:

  • High dyslexia prevalence necessitates urgent research and awareness initiatives.
  • Early detection and intervention are critical for supporting students with dyslexia.
  • Collaboration among educators, parents, and authorities is vital for effective support systems.