Hypothyroidism and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Cardiology
• Geriatrics

Background:

• Hypothyroidism is common in older adults, a demographic with high cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence.
• Thyroid hormones (THs) are crucial for cardiovascular system function.
• Hypothyroidism disrupts this balance, promoting CVD progression and adverse outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the literature on the relationship between hypothyroidism and CVD.
• To explore pathogenic mechanisms linking hypothyroidism and CVD.
• To discuss hormone replacement therapy for subclinical hypothyroidism.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies.
• Analysis of pathogenic mechanisms.
• Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors and events.
• Discussion of hormone replacement therapy efficacy.

Main Results:

• Hypothyroidism is linked to increased cardiovascular risk factors and events in overt and subclinical forms.
• Pathogenic pathways accelerate CVD progression in hypothyroid individuals.
• Hormone replacement therapy may reduce CVD morbidity in specific patient groups.

Conclusions:

• Hypothyroidism significantly impacts cardiovascular health, particularly in older adults.
• Understanding the interplay between thyroid function and the cardiovascular system is critical.
• Targeted hormone replacement therapy shows potential benefits for select patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and CVD.