Insight into small eyes: a practical description from phenotypes presentations to the management

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Medical Science

Background:

• Microphthalmos presents diverse phenotypes, posing surgical challenges.
• Accurate management requires understanding anatomical variations and specific formulae.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an algorithmic approach for managing microphthalmos.
• To review pre-, intra-, and post-operative considerations for complex cases.
• To discuss ideal intraocular lens (IOL) selection in small eye phenotypes.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search for an algorithmic approach to microphthalmos.
• Narrative review of anatomical variations and surgical considerations.
• Analysis of IOL computation formulae for microphthalmos.

Main Results:

• Identification of key criteria for recognizing and describing microphthalmos phenotypes.
• Elucidation of anatomical variations crucial for surgical planning.
• Discussion of strategies to avoid intra- and post-operative complications.

Conclusions:

• A deep understanding of anatomical variations and IOL formulae enhances surgical safety in microphthalmos.
• This review provides a framework for managing intricate small eye phenotypes.
• Optimized pre-, intra-, and post-operative care is essential for successful outcomes.