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Monkeypox (Mpox): Evolution of Transmission and Comprehensive Review
Pankhuri Dudani1, Ananya Sharma1, Morini S Tammineni2
1From the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
Indian Journal of Dermatology
|February 19, 2024
Summary
The recent mpox outbreak shows distinct clinical features compared to endemic mpox, disproportionately affecting men who have sex with men (MSM). Widespread semen testing revealed mpox viral DNA, suggesting sexual transmission as a likely route.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Dermatology
Background:
- Mpox (monkeypox) is an orthopox virus endemic in Africa.
- A global mpox outbreak began in May 2022, with distinct characteristics from the endemic form.
- The outbreak has disproportionately affected the men who have sex with men (MSM) community.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine differences between endemic mpox and the current global outbreak.
- To investigate the novel clinical characteristics and potential sexual transmission routes of mpox.
- To highlight the role of dermatologists in early mpox diagnosis and transmission reduction.
Main Methods:
- Review of electronic medical databases using relevant keywords.
- Analysis of clinical data from the current mpox outbreak.
- Comparison of endemic mpox cases with outbreak cases.
Main Results:
- The current mpox outbreak primarily affects adults, presenting with genital involvement and often lacking a prodrome.
- Widespread semen testing has detected mpox viral DNA, indicating a potential sexual transmission route.
- Differential diagnoses include varicella and hand-foot-mouth disease.
Conclusions:
- The mpox outbreak exhibits novel clinical features and a likely sexual transmission route.
- Early diagnosis by dermatologists is crucial for reducing mpox transmission.
- While usually self-limiting, mpox can lead to complications such as secondary infections and organ-specific injuries.
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