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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
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The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
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The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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The molecular circadian rhythms regulating the cell cycle.

Qin Zhou1, Ruohan Wang1, Yunxia Su1

  • 1Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
|February 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The circadian clock regulates cell cycle genes, impacting cancer development. Understanding this link offers new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.

Keywords:
Bmal1ChIP sequencingRNA sequencingTTFLcell cyclecircadian clock

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Chronobiology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • The circadian clock influences numerous physiological processes.
  • Circadian clock disruption is linked to cancer development and progression.
  • The cell cycle is a fundamental process in cancer biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which the circadian clock controls cell cycle gene expression.
  • To discuss identified oscillatory cell cycle genes in humans and baboons.
  • To explore the role of these genes in cell cycle regulation and cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on circadian clock and cell cycle gene regulation.
  • Analysis of studies identifying rhythmic expression of cell cycle genes.
  • Discussion of chromatin regulatory elements and transcription factor binding.

Main Results:

  • Core circadian clock transcription factors rhythmically occupy chromatin regulatory elements of cell cycle genes.
  • Rhythmic expression of cell cycle-related genes has been identified in higher organisms.
  • These identified genes play potential roles in regulating cell cycle progression.

Conclusions:

  • The molecular clock's control over cell cycle gene expression is a key mechanism in cancer.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing novel cancer therapies.
  • Targeting circadian clock-controlled cell cycle genes may offer new avenues for cancer treatment.