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Prevalence and underreporting of immunization errors in childhood vaccination: results of a household survey

Stênio Henrique Oliveira1, Brener Santos Silva2, Lívia Maria Rezende Carvalho1

  • 1Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.

Revista Da Escola De Enfermagem Da U S P
|February 19, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Immunization errors in young children are common and often underreported, with inadequate vaccine intervals being the most frequent issue. These findings highlight a critical need for improved error detection and prevention strategies in vaccination programs.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Immunization errors can compromise vaccine efficacy and public trust.
  • Accurate data on error prevalence and underreporting is crucial for improving vaccination programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underreporting of immunization errors in children under five years of age.
  • To determine the prevalence and types of immunization errors and assess their underreporting status.

Main Methods:

  • An epidemiological, cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using household surveys in Minas Gerais, Brazil, involving 453 children aged 6 months to 4 years.
  • Descriptive analysis and calculation of error prevalence per 100,000 doses applied (2016-2021) were performed.
  • State reporting records were utilized to analyze underreporting, with association between variables estimated using prevalence and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI).

Main Results:

  • A prevalence of 41.9 immunization errors per 100,000 doses was observed, with a notable increase in 2020 and 2021.
  • The most common error was an inadequate interval between vaccines (47.2%), particularly with the adsorbed diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) vaccine.
  • Vaccination delays were associated with immunization errors, and a significant underreporting of these errors was identified.

Conclusions:

  • The high prevalence of underreported immunization errors indicates a concerning public health issue.
  • Findings underscore the necessity of implementing robust preventive measures and improving surveillance systems to ensure vaccine safety and effectiveness.
Abstract

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