Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

1.7K
Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
1.7K
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

2.6K
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
2.6K
Depressants01:28

Depressants

668
Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...
668

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mutation patterns and prognostic potentiality of homologous recombination repair genes in gliomas.

BMC cancer·2025
Same author

Brain-heart functional network dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy: A microstate-based analysis.

Epilepsia·2025
Same author

Updated clinical practice guidelines for the management of adult diffuse gliomas.

Cancer letters·2025
Same author

Correlation between EGF and VEGF expression levels and the efficacy of radiosurgery in recurrent glioma.

American journal of translational research·2025
Same author

Disseminated brain <i>Nocardia</i> abscess with bronchial and esophageal fistulas.

IDCases·2025
Same author

Brain local structural connectomes and the subtypes of the medial temporal lobe parcellations.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

A Craniotomy Surgery Procedure for Chronic Brain Imaging
09:25

A Craniotomy Surgery Procedure for Chronic Brain Imaging

Published on: February 15, 2008

64.2K

Brainstem anesthesia during awake craniotomy: illustrative case.

Yun Chen1,2, Mei Sun2, Hongmin Bai3

  • 11Graduate School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Journal of Neurosurgery. Case Lessons
|February 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sudden apnea during awake craniotomy (AC) can occur due to unexpected brainstem anesthesia from local anesthetics. Careful anesthetic administration near the brainstem is crucial for patient safety during AC procedures.

Keywords:
apneaawake craniotomybrainstem anesthesialidocaine

More Related Videos

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
10:35

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

Published on: July 5, 2011

46.4K
Author Spotlight: A Reproducible and Efficient Method for Accessing Porcine Brain via Craniectomy
04:26

Author Spotlight: A Reproducible and Efficient Method for Accessing Porcine Brain via Craniectomy

Published on: July 5, 2024

433

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

A Craniotomy Surgery Procedure for Chronic Brain Imaging
09:25

A Craniotomy Surgery Procedure for Chronic Brain Imaging

Published on: February 15, 2008

64.2K
Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
10:35

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

Published on: July 5, 2011

46.4K
Author Spotlight: A Reproducible and Efficient Method for Accessing Porcine Brain via Craniectomy
04:26

Author Spotlight: A Reproducible and Efficient Method for Accessing Porcine Brain via Craniectomy

Published on: July 5, 2024

433

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Anesthesiology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Awake craniotomy (AC) is a neurosurgical procedure for lesions in eloquent brain areas.
  • Patients remain alert during AC, posing risks for airway complications.
  • Apnea is a severe, albeit rare, complication during AC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of sudden apnea during AC.
  • To investigate the cause of apnea related to local anesthetic administration.
  • To highlight the risks of subdural local anesthetic spread during AC.

Main Methods:

  • A case study of a 42-year-old male undergoing AC for a bilateral frontal lobe mass.
  • Monitoring for neurological and respiratory function during the procedure.
  • Identification and removal of a lidocaine cotton pledget near the midbrain.

Main Results:

  • The patient experienced transient apnea and loss of brainstem reflexes.
  • Spontaneous breathing resumed shortly after removal of the anesthetic pledget.
  • The patient recovered and completed the AC procedure.

Conclusions:

  • Subdural local anesthetic administration during AC carries risks.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid can spread anesthetics, causing unintended brainstem anesthesia.
  • Lower anesthetic concentrations and avoidance of the cisterna magna can improve safety.