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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Biochemical and High Throughput Microscopic Assessment of Fat Mass in Caenorhabditis Elegans

Biochemical and High Throughput Microscopic Assessment of Fat Mass in Caenorhabditis Elegans

Published on: March 30, 2013

Evolutionarily related host and microbial pathways regulate fat desaturation in C. elegans.

Bennett W Fox¹, Maximilian J Helf¹, Russell N Burkhardt¹

¹Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.

Nature Communications

|February 19, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Small molecules from gut bacteria and the host regulate fatty acid desaturation through the NHR-49/PPARα pathway. These signals, including bacterial becyp#1 and endogenous bemeth#1, control lipid metabolism in C. elegans.

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Area of Science:

Lipid Metabolism
Molecular Biology
Microbiology

Background:

Fatty acid desaturation is crucial for metazoan membrane lipids and signaling molecules.
Mechanisms by which nutrition and microbiota regulate desaturase expression are largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the mechanisms by which endogenous and microbiota-dependent signals regulate lipid desaturation via the NHR-49/PPARα pathway in C. elegans.

Main Methods:

Utilized untargeted metabolomics on a C. elegans beta-oxidation mutant (acdh-11).
Investigated the role of cyclopropane synthase in bacterial becyp#1 biosynthesis.
Screened for endogenous metabolites mimicking becyp#1 activity, identifying beta-methyl fatty acid (bemeth#1).
Analyzed distinct metabolic pathways (beta-oxidation vs. alpha-oxidation) for becyp#1 and bemeth#1.

Main Results:

Identified beta-cyclopropyl fatty acid (becyp#1) accumulating in acdh-11 mutants, activating fat-7 expression via NHR-49.
Demonstrated becyp#1 biosynthesis is dependent on bacterial cyclopropane synthase.
Discovered endogenous bemeth#1, derived from fcmt-1, mimics becyp#1 activity.
Showed distinct metabolic fates for becyp#1 (beta-oxidation) and bemeth#1 (alpha-oxidation).

Conclusions:

Endogenous and microbiota-derived signals converge on NHR-49/PPARα to regulate fatty acid desaturation.
Evolutionarily related pathways in hosts and microbiota coordinate lipid metabolism.
Distinct metabolic processing of similar signaling molecules highlights complex regulatory networks.