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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Nucleotide diversity is a poor predictor of short-term adaptive potential.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Radio Frequency Identification and Motion-sensitive Video Efficiently Automate Recording of Unrewarded Choice Behavior by Bumblebees
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The missing fraction problem as an episodes of selection problem.

Elizabeth A Mittell1,2, Michael B Morrissey1

  • 1Centre for Biodiversity, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|February 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The missing fraction problem in evolutionary genetics arises from viability selection on correlated traits. This study presents tractable solutions to accurately estimate evolutionary parameters despite missing data from early-life survival.

Keywords:
fitnessheritabilitynatural selectionquantitative geneticssexual selection

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary quantitative genetics
  • Population genetics
  • Behavioral ecology

Background:

  • The missing fraction problem introduces bias in evolutionary parameter estimation.
  • This bias occurs when early-life viability selection removes individuals with specific phenotypes.
  • Nonrandom missing phenotypes are due to correlations between survival traits and later-life traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the missing fraction problem in evolutionary quantitative genetics.
  • To describe tractable solutions for estimating evolutionary parameters accurately.
  • To encourage future studies to account for early-life viability selection.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing selection theory to analyze phenotypic data on early life traits.
  • Utilizing genetic associations between later-life traits and early-life viability.
  • Inferring consequences of prior viability selection on later-life traits.

Main Results:

  • Two strategies are presented to overcome the missing fraction problem.
  • Selection theory can correct evolutionary parameters when early traits are known.
  • Genetic associations can infer selection consequences when early traits are unknown.

Conclusions:

  • The missing fraction problem is tractable despite challenges in measuring deceased individuals.
  • Accurate estimation of lifetime selection and evolutionary trajectories is possible.
  • Future research should incorporate methods to address early-life viability selection biases.