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Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
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Association of androgen receptor and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes with bone recurrence in triple-negative breast

Petra Ilenič1,2, Ajda Herman1,2, Erik Langerholc3

  • 1University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Journal of Bone Oncology
|February 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Androgen receptor (AR) expression does not predict bone recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, absent stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) indicate a higher risk for bone metastases, suggesting potential benefit from bisphosphonates.

Keywords:
Androgen receptorBone recurrenceTriple-negative breast cancerTumour-infiltrating lymphocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Breast Cancer Research
  • Metastasis Studies

Background:

  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) less frequently metastasizes to bone compared to endocrine-responsive breast cancer.
  • Identifying biomarkers for bone recurrence in TNBC can personalize treatment with adjuvant bisphosphonates.
  • This study investigated the association between tumor androgen receptor (AR) expression and bone recurrence in TNBC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if tumor expression of androgen receptor (AR) is associated with bone recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
  • To explore the role of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) as a predictive factor for bone metastasis in TNBC.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of operable TNBC patients treated between 2005-2015 who developed distant recurrence.
  • Immunohistochemical assessment of nuclear AR expression in primary tumor tissues using the Androgen Receptor (SP107) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody.
  • Logistic regression analysis adjusted for known prognostic factors and confounders, including stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs), to evaluate the association between AR expression and bone metastases.

Main Results:

  • Bone metastases were present at recurrence in 45% of patients; an additional 7% developed metachronous bone metastases.
  • AR expression in primary tumors (35% of patients) was not significantly associated with bone recurrence.
  • Patients with absent stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) had a significantly lower risk of bone recurrence compared to those with sTILs (OR = 0.01, p=0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Androgen receptor (AR) expression is not a significant predictor of bone recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
  • The absence of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) in primary tumors is strongly associated with an increased risk of bone recurrence.
  • Patients with absent sTILs may represent a subgroup that could benefit from adjuvant bisphosphonate therapy to prevent bone metastases.