Avian infectious bronchitis virus (AIBV) review by continent

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Virology
• Poultry Health
• Molecular Epidemiology

Background:

• Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a major cause of respiratory disease in poultry.
• IBV leads to substantial global economic losses in the poultry sector.
• The virus spreads rapidly via various transmission routes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the prevalence and geographic distribution of IBV genotypes.
• To analyze the economic impact and symptoms associated with IBV.
• To understand the molecular diversity and evolution of IBV strains.

Main Methods:

• Extensive literature analysis of IBV prevalence, distribution, symptoms, and economic impact.
• Phylogenetic analysis using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA-6).

Main Results:

• IBV genotype I (GI) is globally prevalent.
• GII is a European strain found in South America.
• GIII and GV are predominant in Australia; GIV, GVIII, GIX originate from North America; GVII in Europe/China; GVI-1 in Asia.
• IBV continues to emerge in vaccinated flocks due to novel variants and limited vaccine cross-protection.

Conclusions:

• Understanding IBV genotype distribution aids in disease management.
• Novel IBV variants and inadequate vaccine cross-protection challenge disease control.
• Effective prevention and management strategies are crucial for the poultry industry's sustainability.