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Comparative transcriptomics analysis identifies crucial genes and pathways during goose spleen development.

Shenqiang Hu1,2,3, Yang Song1,2,3, Xiaopeng Li1,2,3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.

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PubMed
Summary

This study compares age and breed differences in goose spleens, revealing distinct developmental patterns and identifying key genes and pathways involved in immune function regulation. Understanding these variations enhances knowledge of goose splenic development and immunity.

Keywords:
Landes gooseSichuan white gooseimmunityprotein-protein interaction networkspleentranscriptomic analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative immunology
  • Poultry science
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The spleen is crucial for poultry immunity, but age- and breed-related changes in geese are understudied.
  • Existing research on goose spleen development lacks detailed comparative analysis between breeds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically compare age-dependent morphological, histological, and transcriptomic changes in Landes goose (LG) and Sichuan White goose (SWG) spleens.
  • To identify key genes and pathways regulating goose spleen development and immune function.

Main Methods:

  • Morphological and histological analysis of goose spleens at different ages.
  • Transcriptomic analysis (RNA sequencing) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between age groups and breeds.
  • Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.
  • Protein-protein interaction network construction to identify hub genes.

Main Results:

  • Splenic weight increased until week 10, while organ index peaked at week 6 in both breeds.
  • Histological indexes increased with age, peaking at week 30.
  • Significant differences in red pulp area and splenic corpuscle diameter were observed between breeds.
  • Age-related DEGs were enriched in cell cycle and signaling pathways (TGF-beta, Wnt).
  • Breed-related DEGs were enriched in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, ECM-receptor interaction, and metabolic pathways.
  • Hub genes (BUB1, BUB1B, TTK) were identified for age-dependent development, and (GRIA2, GRIA4, RYR2) for breed-specific development.

Conclusions:

  • Significant age- and breed-specific differences exist in goose spleen development.
  • Identified pathways and hub genes provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of goose spleen development and immune regulation.
  • This research offers a foundation for understanding immune function variations between European and Chinese domestic geese.