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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

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The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Selectins01:25

Selectins

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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Potential of Chinese Herbal Medicinal Active Dioscin in Treating IgA Nephropathy
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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Potential of Chinese Herbal Medicinal Active Dioscin in Treating IgA Nephropathy

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Natural Compound Dioscin Targeting Multiple Cancer Pathways through its High Affinity Binding to B Cell Lymphoma-2.

Shweta Gulia1, Prakash Chandra1, Asmita Das1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.

Current Computer-Aided Drug Design
|February 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identified common genes in cancer pathways and found that Dioscin downregulates Bcl-2, a key protein in many cancers. Dioscin shows potential as a natural inhibitor targeting multiple cancer pathways.

Keywords:
ABT-737.ApoptosisB cell lymphoma-2anoikisautophagydioscinmetastasis

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Computational Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cancer progression involves complex biological processes like epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), autophagy, apoptosis, anoikis, and metastasis.
  • Identifying common genes across these pathways is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • Bcl-2 is frequently overexpressed in various cancers, making it a significant therapeutic target.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify common genes involved in EMT, autophagy, apoptosis, anoikis, and metastasis.
  • To analyze Bcl-2 expression levels in different cancer types.
  • To discover a potent natural compound inhibitor of Bcl-2.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression analysis and pathway analysis were used to identify common genes.
  • Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to screen natural compounds for Bcl-2 inhibition.
  • Differential gene expression analysis (GEO2R) was performed for the identified compound, Dioscin.

Main Results:

  • Four common genes (Bcl-2, Bax, BIRC3, CHUK) were identified across the studied cancer pathways.
  • Bcl-2 was found to be highly overexpressed in Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and Thymoma.
  • Dioscin demonstrated significant binding affinity to Bcl-2, downregulating Bcl-2, BIRC3, and CHUK, while upregulating Bax.

Conclusions:

  • Dioscin exhibits potential as a protein inhibitor targeting the Bcl-2 binding site.
  • Dioscin's ability to interact with Bcl-2 and modulate key cancer-related genes suggests its therapeutic promise.
  • Dioscin may serve as a valuable natural compound for targeting multiple cancer pathways via a single molecular target.