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5-Fluorouracil-induced leukoencephalopathy.

Muthu Manikandan¹, Biju Azariah, Rajiv Sharma

¹Department of Radiation Oncology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics

|February 20, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

5-Fluorouracil (5FU) can cause leukoencephalopathy, a rare but serious neurological side effect. Early recognition and drug discontinuation are crucial for symptom reversal in patients undergoing 5FU chemotherapy.

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Area of Science:

Neuro-oncology
Chemotherapy adverse events
Neurotoxicity

Background:

5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent.
Leukoencephalopathy is a rare but significant adverse effect associated with 5FU treatment, occurring in less than 5% of patients.
Neurological symptoms can manifest during or shortly after 5FU administration.

Observation:

The case involves a 35-year-old female diagnosed with esophageal carcinoma.
The patient developed symptoms suggestive of leukoencephalopathy, including disorientation, confusion, agitation, seizure, and coma.
These symptoms emerged during or immediately following 5FU chemotherapy.

Findings:

The patient's presentation was consistent with 5-Fluorouracil-induced leukoencephalopathy.
Prompt identification of this neurological complication is essential for effective management.
Discontinuation of 5FU therapy can lead to the reversal of clinical symptoms.

Implications:

Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for 5FU-induced leukoencephalopathy in patients presenting with neurological deficits.
Awareness of this potential neurotoxic effect is critical for patient safety.
Timely diagnosis and intervention can prevent irreversible neurological damage and improve patient outcomes.