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Ballistic long bone fracture pattern: an experimental study.
Nathalie Schwab1,2, Xavier Jordana3,4, Jordi Monreal5
1Biological Anthropology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
International Journal of Legal Medicine
|February 20, 2024
Summary
Forensic analysis of badly preserved remains is difficult. This study details ballistic fracture patterns in human long bones, aiding in reconstructing gunshot trauma when soft tissues are absent.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Science
- Biomechanics
- Anthropology
Background:
- Assessing death circumstances from skeletal remains is challenging, especially when soft tissues are degraded.
- Reliable data on ballistic trauma to long bones is scarce compared to cranial injuries.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define and characterize ballistic fracture patterns in human long bones.
- To provide guidelines for identifying and reconstructing gunshot trauma in skeletal remains.
Main Methods:
- 16 femurs and 13 humeri were perpendicularly shot with a 9-mm Luger bullet at 360 m/s.
- Bones were tested both with and without ballistic gel to simulate soft tissue.
- Fractures were examined macroscopically and compared between groups.
Main Results:
- Consistently observed comminuted fractures with a stellate pattern.
- Identified distinct entrance, exit, and general fracture characteristics.
- Fracture traits varied based on bone properties (diameter, length, thickness) and the presence of soft tissue simulant.
Conclusions:
- Ballistic fracture patterns in human long bones exhibit specific characteristics.
- Bone properties and the presence of soft tissue influence fracture details.
- Findings offer valuable insights for forensic investigations involving skeletal trauma.
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