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Related Concept Videos

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What is Monogastric Digestion?

The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Transformation of Probiotic Yeast and Their Recovery from Gastrointestinal Immune Tissues Following Oral Gavage in Mice
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Commercializing equitable, accessible oral microbiome transplantation therapy.

L S Weyrich1,2,3, S Nath4, L M Jamieson4

  • 1Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University.

Community Dental Health
|February 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Oral microbiome transplant (OMT) technology shows promise for treating oral diseases. Equitable development is crucial for accessibility, ensuring cost-effectiveness, understanding, and fair donor compensation for widespread benefit.

Keywords:
business ethicsdental ethicsdental health servicesequityhealth equityoral microbiome transplant

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Dental medicine
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Chronic oral diseases like caries and periodontal disease are linked to oral microbiome dysbiosis.
  • Oral microbiome transplant (OMT) technology offers a potential future treatment strategy by restoring a healthy microbial balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the ethical and practical implications of commercializing OMT technology.
  • To ensure OMT is developed in a way that maximizes accessibility and affordability for all populations.
  • To explore strategies for equitable development in both clinical and do-it-yourself settings.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of potential commercialization pathways for OMT.
  • Consideration of factors influencing accessibility and equity in OMT deployment.
  • Examination of requirements for safe, effective, and widely available OMT.

Main Results:

  • OMT commercialization must prioritize cost-effectiveness, user/clinician understanding, and accessibility in remote areas.
  • Equitable compensation for microbiome donors is essential for ethical OMT development.
  • Partnerships between scientists, clinicians, investors, and stakeholders are critical for successful OMT implementation.

Conclusions:

  • Consciously guiding OMT development toward equity and accessibility is vital for its global impact.
  • Addressing these factors will help improve oral health outcomes, particularly for underserved populations.
  • OMT has the potential to significantly reshape oral disease prevention and treatment globally.