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  9. Predictive And Prognostic Markers
  11. Bmi And Breast Cancer Risk Around Age At Menopause

BMI and breast cancer risk around age at menopause

Ann Von Holle1, Hans-Olov Adami2, Laura Baglietto3

  • 1Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.

Cancer Epidemiology
|February 20, 2024

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High body mass index (BMI) is linked to lower breast cancer risk before menopause but higher risk after. This study found the shift to increased risk occurs after age 55, not before.

Keywords:
Body mass indexBreast neoplasmsMiddle agedPostmenopause

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • High body mass index (BMI) is associated with decreased breast cancer risk premenopausally but increased risk postmenopausally.
  • The precise menopausal transition point for this BMI-breast cancer risk reversal remains unclear.
  • Understanding this transition is crucial for elucidating the role of adiposity in breast cancer etiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the age-specific association between BMI and breast cancer risk in women aged 45-55.
  • To identify the menopausal status transition point where BMI's effect on breast cancer risk shifts from protective to detrimental.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 609,880 women across 16 prospective studies, focusing on ages 45-55.
  • Utilized piecewise exponential additive mixed models to assess BMI's hazard ratio (HR) for breast cancer across different menopausal statuses (premenopause, natural postmenopause, intervention-induced postmenopause, post-hysterectomy).
  • Employed a constant BMI HR model, which demonstrated the best fit for the data.

Main Results:

  • The association between a five-unit BMI increment and breast cancer risk was HR=0.87 (premenopause) and HR=0.88 (post-hysterectomy without oophorectomy).
  • The association was near neutral after natural menopause (HR=1.00) and intervention-induced ovarian function loss (HR=0.99).
  • These findings indicate a protective or neutral association throughout the 45-55 age range.

Conclusions:

  • The risk association between BMI and breast cancer remains less than or near one during ages 45-55.
  • The transition to a positive association between BMI and breast cancer risk occurs after age 55.
  • This suggests adiposity's role in breast cancer risk may change significantly in later postmenopausal years.
Premenopause