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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Instinctive Drift01:05

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Instinctive drift refers to the tendency of animals to revert to their innate behaviors despite repeated reinforcement. Breland and Breland demonstrated this concept in an experiment with a raccoon. The raccoon was trained to pick up two coins and place them in a container in exchange for food. Initially, the raccoon learned to associate the coins with food, making them a conditioned stimulus or a substitute for food. However, over time, the raccoon became less willing to put the coins into the...
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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors
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Attention deficits linked with proclivity to explore while foraging.

David L Barack1,2, Vera U Ludwig1,3, Felipe Parodi1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|February 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) traits explore resources more readily, potentially gaining advantages in certain environments. This suggests ADHD may represent an adaptive strategy favoring exploration over exploitation.

Keywords:
ADHDadaptationattention deficit hyperactivity disorderbehaviourbehavioural biomarkerforaging

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Mobile organisms forage for resources, balancing exploitation of current gains with exploration for new opportunities.
  • Human nomadic lifestyles and exploration tendencies have been linked to genetic factors associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that ADHD traits influence foraging decisions in the general population.
  • To examine how individuals with and without ADHD screen criteria make choices in a resource-collection task.

Main Methods:

  • A pre-registered online foraging task where participants chose to exploit or replenish resource patches.
  • Administration of a validated ADHD self-report screening assessment to participants post-task.

Main Results:

  • Participants departed resource patches sooner when travel times were shorter, aligning with optimal foraging theory.
  • Individuals meeting the ADHD screening threshold departed patches significantly sooner than those who did not.
  • Participants with ADHD screen criteria achieved higher overall reward rates.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD attributes may provide foraging advantages in specific environmental contexts.
  • The findings suggest ADHD could be an adaptive trait favoring exploration over exploitation.