Nationwide Aquatic Envenomations Reported to US Poison Control Centers from 2011 to 2020

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Toxicology
• Environmental Health

Background:

• Aquatic envenomations represent a significant public health concern along U.S. coasts, causing considerable morbidity.
• Understanding exposure patterns is crucial for effective prevention and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze trends and characteristics of aquatic envenomation exposures reported to poison control centers in the United States.
• To identify common causative agents, demographic factors, and geographic distributions of these injuries.

Main Methods:

• Data from the National Poison Data System (Association of Poison Control Centers) from 2011-2020 were queried.
• Included were details on exposure, patient demographics, symptoms, treatment, and outcomes.
• Exclusions comprised duplicates, non-exposures, and international reports.

Main Results:

• 8,517 aquatic envenomations were reported, with males (62%) and individuals ≤30 years old (56%) most affected.
• Peak incidence occurred in summer months (June-August), with California, Texas, and Florida reporting the most cases.
• Fish (61%) and Cnidaria (30%) were the primary sources; 37% required healthcare, with no fatalities.

Conclusions:

• Younger males are most susceptible to aquatic envenomations, particularly during summer.
• These injuries are widespread across the U.S. and are frequently reported to poison control centers.
• Poison control centers provide valuable real-time data on aquatic envenomation trends.