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Related Concept Videos

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Ion Channels01:19

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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
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Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

One-channel Cell-attached Patch-clamp Recording
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Piezo channels in the intestinal tract.

Haolong He1, Jingying Zhou1, Xuan Xu1

  • 1School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Frontiers in Physiology
|February 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The intestine senses mechanical forces via Piezo channels, which are crucial for digestion and immunity. Understanding these mechanosensitive ion channels offers new therapeutic targets for intestinal diseases.

Keywords:
Piezo1Piezo2intestinal tractmechanosensationmechanosensitive ion channels

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The intestine is a large mechanosensitive organ requiring cells to respond to mechanical stimuli.
  • Piezo channels (Piezo1 and Piezo2) are newly identified mechanosensitive ion channels.
  • These channels are expressed throughout the intestine and influence its functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on Piezo channel expression, function, and regulation in the intestine.
  • To provide a reference for developing therapeutic strategies targeting intestinal Piezo channels.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Piezo channels in the intestinal context.
  • Synthesis of data on Piezo channel roles in intestinal physiology and pathology.

Main Results:

  • Piezo channels are integral to intestinal mechanotransduction.
  • They regulate key physiological processes like digestion, absorption, motility, and immunity.
  • Dysregulation of Piezo channels is implicated in intestinal diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Piezo channels are vital for intestinal mechanosensation and function.
  • Further research into intestinal Piezo channels can guide novel therapeutic interventions for gastrointestinal disorders.