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Transformation

Transformation

Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

DNA Transfection of Mammalian Skeletal Muscles using In Vivo Electroporation

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Published on: October 19, 2009

Liposome mediated DNA-transfer into mammalian cells.

G Somlyai, E Kondorosi, K Karikó

Acta Biochimica Et Biophysica; Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae

|January 1, 1985

Summary

Mammalian cells efficiently take up liposome-encapsulated DNA, leading to transient and stable gene expression. This liposome delivery method facilitates genetic material transfer into cell nuclei for research applications.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

Liposomes are widely used for drug and gene delivery.
Efficient delivery of genetic material into mammalian cells remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interaction of mammalian cells with liposome-encapsulated DNA.
To evaluate the efficiency of liposome-mediated gene transfer and expression in mammalian cells.

Main Methods:

Mammalian cells were exposed to large, unilamellar phosphatidyl serine liposomes containing DNA.
Liposome uptake, DNA transport to nuclei, and gene expression were analyzed.
Stable transformant colonies were selected under selective pressure.

Main Results:

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Liposomes rapidly bound to and were taken up by cells.
A significant proportion of encapsulated DNA reached the cell nuclei.
Transient expression of foreign genes was detected in a high percentage of cells.
Stable transformant cell colonies were isolated with a frequency of approximately 10(-5).

Conclusions:

Liposome-encapsulated DNA is an effective method for gene delivery into mammalian cells.
This approach enables both transient and stable gene expression.
Liposome-mediated gene transfer holds promise for various biotechnological applications.