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Routes of Persuasion02:20

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Persuasion is the process of changing our attitude toward something based on some kind of communication. Much of the persuasion we experience comes from outside forces. How do people convince others to change their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors? What communications do you receive that attempt to persuade you to change your attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors?
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How persuasive is AI-generated propaganda?

Josh A Goldstein1, Jason Chao2, Shelby Grossman2

  • 1Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20001, USA.

PNAS Nexus
|February 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Artificial intelligence (AI) like GPT-3 can generate persuasive propaganda. Human editing of AI-generated text further enhances its persuasiveness, suggesting potential misuse by propagandists.

Keywords:
artificial intelligencelanguage modelspropagandasurvey experiment

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Political Communication
  • Computational Social Science

Background:

  • Propaganda remains a significant threat in the digital age.
  • The capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) in content generation are rapidly advancing.
  • Understanding AI's potential role in disseminating propaganda is crucial for national security and information integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the persuasive capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in generating propaganda.
  • To compare the effectiveness of AI-generated propaganda against human-authored propaganda.
  • To assess the impact of human editing on the persuasiveness of AI-generated propaganda.

Main Methods:

  • A preregistered survey experiment was conducted with US respondents.
  • Participants were exposed to news articles generated by foreign propagandists and by GPT-3 davinci.
  • Agreement with propaganda theses was measured to assess persuasiveness, with variations including human-edited AI content.

Main Results:

  • GPT-3 demonstrated a significant ability to create persuasive propaganda.
  • Human editing of AI-generated content, including prompt refinement and output curation, further increased its persuasiveness.
  • Under specific conditions, human-edited AI content achieved persuasiveness comparable to human-authored propaganda.

Conclusions:

  • Large language models (LLMs) possess the capability to generate highly persuasive propaganda.
  • The integration of human oversight and editing can amplify the effectiveness of AI-generated propaganda.
  • Propagandists may leverage AI tools to produce convincing disinformation with reduced effort and resources.