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Forgotten Circulation: Reduced Mesenteric Venous Capacitance in Hypertensive Rats Is Improved by Decreasing

Tonja W Emans1, Davi J A Moraes2, Alona Ben-Tal1,3

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Summary

In spontaneously hypertensive rats, increased sympathetic nerve activity in mesenteric veins elevates blood pressure and reduces the veins' ability to buffer blood volume. This suggests targeting sympathetic drive to mesenteric veins could treat hypertension.

Keywords:
blood pressurehypertensionmesenteric circulationsympathetic activityvenous pressure

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Hypertension Research
  • Autonomic Nervous System Regulation

Background:

  • The mesenteric venous reservoir is crucial for blood volume and pressure regulation and is innervated by sympathetic nerves.
  • The exact role of sympathetic regulation in mesenteric veins, especially during hypertension, is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sympathetic drive to mesenteric veins in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats.
  • To determine if elevated sympathetic drive increases mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP) and impairs mesenteric capacitance in SH rats.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous measurement of arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and mesenteric blood flow in conscious Wistar and SH rats.
  • Assessment of MCFP using an intraatrial balloon and measurement of hemodynamic responses to volume changes before and after ganglionic blockade and carotid body denervation.
  • In situ measurement of sympathetic venoconstrictor activity.

Main Results:

  • SH rats exhibited higher in vivo MCFP and in situ sympathetic venoconstrictor drive compared to Wistar rats.
  • In SH rats, MCFP decreased significantly after ganglionic blockade and carotid body denervation.
  • Mesenteric veins in SH rats showed impaired volume buffering, with blood efflux during volume infusion, unlike Wistar rats which showed influx; this was normalized after blockade and denervation.

Conclusions:

  • Excessive sympathetic venoconstriction in SH rats elevates MCFP and reduces venous capacitance, hindering volume buffering.
  • Reducing sympathetic drive to mesenteric veins may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for managing hypertension.