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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
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The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Sutures of the Skull01:22

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Dissection of the Auditory Bulla in Postnatal Mice: Isolation of the Middle Ear Bones and Histological Analysis
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Bilateral Concha Bullosa Within Concha Bullosa: Unique Middle Concha Variation.

M İhsan Gülmez1, Mustafa Emrah Kaya2

  • 1Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Serinyol, Turkey.

The Laryngoscope
|February 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A rare anatomical variation, concha bullosa within concha bullosa in both middle nasal turbinates, was found in an asymptomatic patient. This unique finding expands understanding of nasal turbinate variations.

Keywords:
concha bullosaendoscopic nasal surgerymiddle turbinatenasal conchaparanasal sinuses

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Anatomy
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The middle nasal turbinate is a key anatomical structure on the lateral nasal wall.
  • Concha bullosa, an air-filled space within the turbinate, is the most frequent variation of the middle nasal turbinate.
  • While often asymptomatic, concha bullosa can lead to nasal obstruction.

Observation:

  • This study presents a unique case of concha bullosa within concha bullosa affecting both middle nasal turbinates.
  • The patient was asymptomatic, highlighting that significant anatomical variations may not always present with symptoms.

Findings:

  • A bilateral occurrence of a double concha bullosa within the middle nasal turbinates was identified.
  • This specific anatomical configuration has not been previously documented in medical literature.

Implications:

  • This case expands the known spectrum of middle nasal turbinate variations.
  • It underscores the importance of detailed anatomical assessment, even in asymptomatic individuals.
  • Further research may explore the clinical significance and prevalence of such complex variations.