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Related Concept Videos

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
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Management of Insomnia01:19

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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

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Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
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CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines01:14

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CNS depressants include drugs from the category of barbiturates and benzodiazepines. They are valuable medications for managing anxiety disorders and insomnia. Barbiturates, once used to induce and maintain sleep, have been replaced mainly by benzodiazepines due to barbiturate's toxicity, tolerance, and overdose risks. They interact with GABAA receptors, leading to sedation at low doses and potentially coma and death at higher doses. Phenobarbital, a long-acting barbiturate, possesses...
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Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Cannabinoid Use and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Matthew R Veitch1,2, Sean Jairam1, Patrick Gurges1,2

  • 1Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.

The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques
|February 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Cannabis use did not significantly alter obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity in a large study. However, in severe cases, cannabis use impacted sleep stages, increasing deep sleep and decreasing REM sleep.

Keywords:
Cannabinoidcannabisobstructive sleep apneasleep architecture

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) lacks effective pharmacological treatments.
  • Cannabinoids show potential for reducing OSA severity in preliminary human studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between self-reported cannabis use and OSA severity.
  • To analyze the impact of cannabis on sleep parameters using polysomnography data.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of adults undergoing polysomnography (2010-2022).
  • Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, BMI, medications, and comorbidities.
  • Exploratory subgroup analysis in patients with moderate to severe OSA.

Main Results:

  • Cannabis use was not associated with OSA severity after full adjustment.
  • In moderate to severe OSA patients, cannabis use was linked to increased stage N3 sleep and decreased REM sleep.

Conclusions:

  • Cannabis use does not appear to influence overall OSA severity when confounding factors are considered.
  • Cannabis use may alter sleep architecture in patients with moderate to severe OSA.
  • Further research is warranted to explore these sleep architecture changes.