Biomarkers and Tourette syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Peripheral biomarkers may help differentiate Tourette syndrome (TS) from controls. This systematic review identified significant associations for 13 biomarkers, including immune cells, antibodies, and neurotrophic factors, suggesting potential for early TS diagnosis.
Area Of Science
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Biochemistry
Background
- Tourette syndrome (TS) diagnosis relies on clinical observation, lacking objective biomarkers.
- Identifying peripheral biomarkers could aid in early diagnosis and understanding TS pathophysiology.
Approach
- Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.
- Searched multiple databases up to November 2022 for studies on TS biomarkers.
- Included 60 studies after screening 81 identified articles.
Key Points
- 13 statistically significant comparisons found for biomarkers including CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, NK-cells, anti-streptolysin O antibodies, anti-DNase antibodies, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, ferritin, zinc, lead, vitamin D, and BDNF.
- Suggestive associations noted for norsalsolinol, neuron-specific enolase, and S100B.
- Publication bias identified for anti-streptolysin O antibodies.
Conclusions
- Empirical evidence supports a link between peripheral biomarkers and early TS diagnosis.
- Further large-scale, standardized studies are required to confirm biomarker specificity and clinical utility for TS.
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