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Fluorescent styrenes for mitochondrial imaging and viscosity sensing.

Deepmala Singh1, Mohini Ghorpade1, Ramprasad Regar1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India.

Photochemistry and Photobiology
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Summary

New fluorophores with cationic pyridinium and pentafluorophenyl groups target mitochondria. These probes enable viscosity sensing and heavy-atom-free photosensitization for advanced cellular imaging.

Keywords:
Cyanostilbenesnystatinpentafluorophenylsub‐cellular imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Biology
  • Cellular Imaging
  • Mitochondrial Research

Background:

  • Cationic fluorophores, like pyridinium, often localize to mitochondria.
  • Pentafluorophenyl groups are known to interact with the endoplasmic reticulum.
  • Understanding sub-cellular localization is key for targeted molecular probes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel fluorophores combining pyridinium and pentafluorophenyl moieties.
  • To investigate the sub-cellular localization of these new fluorophores.
  • To explore their potential for viscosity sensing and as photosensitizers.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of novel fluorophores with dual pendant groups.
  • Confocal microscopy for sub-cellular localization studies.
  • Assessment of viscosity-dependent fluorescence and photosensitizing capabilities.

Main Results:

  • The designed fluorophores demonstrated a strong preference for mitochondrial membranes.
  • The probes successfully detected changes in sub-cellular viscosity.
  • They functioned as effective heavy-atom-free photosensitizers.
  • The fluorophores offered easy chemical tunability and wash-free imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Novel fluorophores exhibit specific mitochondrial targeting.
  • These probes possess dual functionality for viscosity sensing and photosensitization.
  • The developed fluorophores are promising tools for mitochondrial imaging and studying cellular dynamics.